AetiologyĬaprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is a lentivirus within the Retroviridae family. In older goats, the disease usually presents as a slowly progressive polyarthritis referred to as caprine arthritis, and occasionally as progressive interstitial pneumonia or chronic mastitis. The main clinical signs in young kids are ataxia, lameness, and paralysis caused by leukoencephalomyelitis. As a result of the cellular tropism for histiocytic cells, infection with this group of viruses results in inflammatory syndromes, rather than immunodeficiency diseases, as typically seen with some other lentiviruses. Viral tissue tropism, and resultant clinical signs, are relatively predictable for goats (CNS and synovial joints) and sheep (lung and CNS). Small ruminant lentiviruses have a tropism for four different tissue types - central nervous system (CNS) tissue (brain and spinal cord), joint synovium, lung, and mammary gland. 14, 16, 24 The ability of SRLV to cross species barriers is unusual, as most lentiviruses have a limited ability to grow in cells from non-host species. 32 In addition to domestic goats ( Capra aegagrus hircus) and domestic sheep ( Ovis aries), CAEV is capable of infecting wild small ruminants, such as ibex ( Capra ibex) and mouflon ( Ovis aries orientalis). As a result of their phylogenetic proximity, similarities in disease pathogenesis, and natural interspecies transmission, these viruses are now collectively referred to as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). 42, 43Ĭompelling evidence gathered over the past ten years indicates that CAEV and VMV are able to cross species barriers and coinfect both sheep and goats. 2 Genomically, CAEV is very similar to the visna-maedi virus (VMV) of sheep, which had originally been described in Iceland as the aetiologic agent of chronic interstitial pneumonia (maedi, "breathlessness") and demyelinating leukoencephalomyelitis (visna, "wasting") ( see Visna-maedi). Caprine arthritis-encephalitis is present in goat populations in many parts of the world, and the prevalence of infection may reach over 80 per cent in some countries. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy in other domestic and captive wild speciesĬaprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is a persistent, progressive and multisystemic disease of goats caused by the lentivirus caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV).Post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in swine. ![]()
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